feat: Gen3 geometry Portals

[paulgessinger]

Part of #3502

This PR implements Portals. A portal connects two or more neighboring volumes. Each volume has a set of portals that describes which volumes lie behind the portal in that direction. Portals use associated portal links to perform lookups of target volumes. Each portal has two links, and a corresponding surface. One link is associated with the direction along the surface's normal vector, and one with the opposite direction.

Portals can be fused and merged.

Fusing is the combination of two portal linkson the same logical surfaces. The actual surface instances can be different, as long as they are geometrically equivalent (within numerical precistion). The resulting portal will have one portal along the shared surface's normal vector, and one opposite that vector.

   portal1   portal2
     +---+   +---+
     |   |   |   |
     |   |   |   |
<----+   | + |   +---->
     |   |   |   |
     |   |   |   |
     +---+   +---+

The input portals need to have compatible link loadout, e.g. one portal needs to have the along normal slot filled, and the other one needs to have the opposite normal slot filled. If
portals share a filled slot, the function throws an exception.

Merging is the complementary operation to the fusing of portals. To be able to merge portals, the surfaces of their associated links need to be mergeable, and the portal links need to be compatible. This means that both portals need to have a link along the portal surface normal, opposite the normal, or both. If the equipped links are opposite relative to one another (e.g. one along one opposite), the function will throw an exception.

           ^                     ^
           |                     |
    portal1|              portal2|
   +-------+-------+     +-------+-------+
   |               |  +  |               |
   +-------+-------+     +-------+-------+
           |                     |
           |                     |
           v                     v

This is a destructive operation on both portals, their links will be moved to produce merged links, which can fail if the portal links are not compatible

[andiwand]

A couple of comments and questions - nothing critical

[andiwand]

LGTM 👍

[asalzburger]

Only got to read this now, very clean change, I like it!

[sonarcloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
1 New issue
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
63.4% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarCloud

[acts-project-service]

✅ Athena integration test results [4569230]

✅ All tests successful

status	job	report
🟢	report_pull_request
🟢	run_art_test: test_data18_13TeV_1000evt
🟢	run_art_test: test_ttbarPU40_reco
🟢	test_ActsDumpGeometryIdentifiers
🟢	test_ActsCheckObjectCountsCachedWorkflow
🟢	test_ActsCheckObjectCountsWorkflow
🟢	test_ActsEFTrackFit
🟢	test_ActsPersistifySeeds
🟢	test_ActsBenchmarkWithSpot
🟢	test_ActsAnalogueClustering
🟢	test_ActsWorkflowHeavyIons
🟢	test_ActsWorkflowFastTracking
🟢	test_ActsWorkflowCached
🟢	test_ActsWorkflow
🟢	test_ActsValidateAmbiguityResolution
🟢	test_ActsValidateResolvedTracks
🟢	test_ActsValidateTracks
🟢	test_ActsValidateActsCoreSpacePoints
🟢	test_ActsValidateActsSpacePoints
🟢	test_ActsValidateSeeds
🟢	test_ActsValidateOrthogonalSeeds
🟢	test_ActsValidateClusters
🟢	test_ActsPersistifyEDM
🟢	test_ActsGSFRefitting
🟢	test_ActsKfRefitting
🟢	test_ActsExtrapolationAlgTest
🟢	test_ActsITkTest
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run4_mc
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run2_mc
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run2_data
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run3_mc
🟢	run_workflow_tests_run3_data
🟢	run_unit_tests